Appendix 1. Text of M.G.R.'s Oppari
 
         
      Eight varieties of rose flower,
      eight varieties of rose flower,
      I grew fruit for you,
      eight varieties of rose flower.
      [drumming] 
      You are going away,
      the Yama's world has blossomed,12
      my dear parrot!13 Appa! 14
      for you, the Yama's world has blossomed,
      I reached for ten varieties of rose flower in the land.
      [drumming] 
      For you, for you heaven has blossomed,
      ten varieties of rose flower,
      ten varieties of rose flower.
      you, the rose flower that I brought up,
      heaven has blossomed.
      [drumming] 
      Did God call you, my dear parrot, that I brought up?
      did God call you?
      [drumming] 
      Beyond the river,15 for you, beyond the river.
      you have fertile lands,
      five lands.
      [drumming] 
      The flower snake has bitten you,
      the flower snake has bitten you,
      you who I brought up,
      for you is there a place to go?
      [drumming] 
      I traveled in a train of time
      and stood in the entrance of this world,
      my dear, who I brought up,
      because I didn't wave to you,
      it's an ill omen.
      [drumming] 
      In this unhappy station
      for you, in this unhappy station,
      in that inauspicious land,
      I brought you black color.16
      [drumming] 
      It is pure black color
      it is pure black color
      in the entrance of Indra's world,17
      for you it is pure black color.
      [drumming] 
      I traveled in the train, Indra's world,
      in the entrance of that world, for you
      I went to Trichy station. 
      [drumming] 
      In Trichy Station, in Trichy
      Station,
      for you my dear parrot, who I brought up,
      for you I brought a blue color car.18 
      [drumming] 
      For you it is a pure blue color car,
      for you it is a pure blue color car,
      for you. 
      [drumming] 
      I got in the evening train,
      I got in the evening train,
      And got off at Aiyaluur,
      that is beyond the station steps. 
      [drumming] 
      In Aiyaluur station,
      for you my dear parrot, who I brought up, 
      I bought a cloth for which I spent much money,
      and ordered them to sew. 
      [drumming] 
      I made them sew the way I had ordered,
      and bought a piece of silk for your sleep, 
      [Wail 1] Aaaahahahaha! Aamaaaaaaahahahah! 
      I paid money, I ordered them to sew
      in my pattern,
      for you to wear in the entrance of Tarumar,19
      for you to sleep. 
      haven't I bought this for you? 
      [drumming] 
      My parrot, who I brought up,
      you were affected by evil, so you died. 
      [drumming] 
      In the bordered cloth,
      in the bordered cloth,
      in this unjust land, 
      my father who produced me, 
      you are affected by [stomach] disease. 
      [drumming] 
      I bought nice bamboo, 
      I bought nice bamboo for you,
      I bought a carnation for you, 
      how beautifully I cared for you, sir. 
      in the entrance for you I bought kasaru silk. 
      [Wail 2] Aaaaaahaha! [Drumming] 
      I got in the Mayirum [city] train, 
      in this unjust land, and got off 
      in Uluntur station, 
      in Uluntur station. 
      [Wail 3] Appaaaaahahahaha! 
      I shopped for you, 
      at Uluntur station, 
      at Uluntur station, 
      for you. 
      [drumming] 
      In this unjust land 
      to whichever side you turn,
      it is your land,
      it is your land. 
      [drumming] 
      You, who I brought up,
      is your land,
      wherever you turn. 
      [drumming] 
      I tied together three hundred bamboo
      rods, 
      I tied together three hundred bamboo rods, 
      and made the bamboo stretcher 20 for you. 
      [Wail 4] Appaaaaahahahaha! 
      Appaaaaahahahaha! Naaah. 
      Aaaahahahaha! 
      I tied four hundred bamboo rods for you,
      I made the bamboo stretcher for you. 
      [Wail 5] Appaaaa! Ayaaaahahahah! 
      I cut the coconut coir 
      and in the center placed a chain. 
      [drumming] 
      In front of this easy-chair, sir, 
      in this unjust land. 
      [drumming] 
      The musical instruments were playing in the
      street. 
      [drumming] 
      For you the coconut tree will yield like pearls. 
      [Wail 6] Ammaaaahahahaha! Ammaaaahahahaha! 
      For you, who I brought up, in the entrance, 
      the coconut tree that I brought up will
      bear coconuts for you like kalkandu [rocks of sugar]. 
      [drumming] 
      The coconut trees in the entrance 
      I brought up in clusters. 
      [Wail 7] Ayamaaaahahahah! Aamaa! Aamaa! 
      Amaaahahahahahahaha! 
      Only now people are hitting themselves on the chest,
      only now are they noticing. 
      [Wail 8] Aamaaa! Ayamaaa! 
      If you are poked by a golden needle, 
      [Wail 9] Aamaa! 
      [sobbing:] you are poked by a golden needle!
      I'm a woman.
      my son, the tears will fall even over the brows. 
      [drumming] 
      In the cursed street, 
      for you the smoke will go away.
      for you it will go away. 
      [drumming] 
      If I boil over and come out,
      for you who I brought up,
      the milk will ooze out.21 
      [Wail 10] Yamaaaaaaa! Yaamaa! Yaamaa!
      ahahaha! 
      [drumming] 
      The village is sleeping well,
      having faith in you. 
      [drumming] 
      When sleep comes to me,
      the yearning for you comes in
      and wakes me up. 
      [drumming]